Wednesday, November 26, 2014
Friday, November 21, 2014
Saturday, November 15, 2014
Friction Lab
Friction Lab
Experiment 1
Pre-Lab Notes:
Experiment 1: How is the friction force affected when the surfaces are pressed together more?
IV: Normal Force
DV: Friction Force
CV: Velocity, Surface Area
Secondary Experiment: Change the surface.
Prediction: If the surface forces are pressed harder together, the friction force will increase.
Apparatus (list): A surface, a block with felt on one side and rubber on the other side, lab quest mini, computer, dual force sensor, masses
Procedure: First we are going to find the weight MASSof the block and convert it into Newtons. Next, we are going to chose one side of the block, the felt or the rubber, and we are going to drag (pull) the sensor with the block attached to it. After this we will take the data from the testing with the sensor. We are then going to add various masses to the block and redo the same experiment but with more mass on the block. We will do this two times for each side of the object (felt and rubber).not super clear how your measurements became Ff and Fn
Data Collection and Analysis
Primary Experiment (felt side):
Experiment 2: How does the Velocity affect the force of Friction?
IV: Velocity
DV: Ff
CV: Fn (Mass), Surface materials
Apparatus: A surface, a block with felt on one side and rubber on the other side, lab quest mini, computer, dual force sensor, masses
Procedure: In order to test how the velocity affects the force of friction, i will use the friction block (felt side) and pull at different speeds. Then im going to measure the force of friction using the force probe at each speed. I will be sure to keep the same mass (fn) and surface.
Experiment 3: How does the surface area affect the force of Friction?
IV: Surface Area
DV: Ff
CV: Speed, Surface materials
Procedure: First we will get a big block of wood where we can change the surface area. After we know how much surface area each side of the block has, we will test the force of friction on each side of the wood by pulling it with the dual force sensor. During this experiment we will drag the piece of wood at a constant speed and we will keep the same surface material.
Data Collection and Analysis
For Experiment one, after doing this lab and graphing the data, I noticed that everyone had very similar graphs with proportionally increasing force of friction as the normal force increases. In comparison to other groups, our normal force and force of friction were slightly different. But they were generally all relatively the same. The reason both graphs have different slopes is because the amount of friction that each side of the block gives up is different, hence one side is felt and one is rubber. The felt side of the block has a smaller slope because it produces the least amount of friction. However, the rubber side has a larger slope because the rubber material causes more friction because it is preventing movement. The slope basically represents the material (felt or rubber) and therefore corresponds to the surface that is on the block as it creates creates friction. The more friction that is created, the larger the slope, the less friction that is created, the smaller the slope will be. To calculate the force of friction you have to use this equation : F(f)=ยต(fn). This is called the coefficient of friction.
For Experiment two, we were testing whether the velocity affected the force of friction. After, testing this and graphing this experiment as a class we noticed that the force of friction was not affected by the the velocity. For experiment three, we tested whether the surface area affected the force of friction as class as well. After testing the experiment and graphing it, we found that the force of friction was constant. Therefore, the force of friction was not affected by the surface area. Both of these experiments came out the exact way i predicted. I thought that neither of them would affect the force of friction.
It is possible for two people wearing identical shoes to have different forces of friction because of two big factors, the mass and the surface. These two factors are what cause the force of friction to vary. Therefore, if two people have different masses, then the one with the heavy mass has more force of friction than the person that has a smaller mass. This is due to the normal force. Futhermore, if they are on different surfaces, there forces of friction will be different because some surfaces may be rougher and some may be smoother.
It is possible for two people wearing different types of shoes to have the same amount of friction. However, the two people must have different masses. They can not have the same mass. The shoe with more friction must be worn by a lighter person and the won with less friction worn by a heavier person.
So in summary, the mass and the type of surface determine how much force of friction an object will feel/have. However, friction does not depend on the amount of surface area in between the moving object or the speed of the object.
One main source of error that I saw was the use of different tables. Some of these tables may have been sticky, bumpy, and or not the same. This error can be fixed by using one single table that is cleaned and that every group uses. This way everyone can get the same or about the same data without these factors messing up our data. Another source of error would be the method of pulling the vinyl side of the block. This is because the vinyl side had more friction causing it to be more jerky and harder to pull. We could have fixed this by just pulling at a constant speed and not trying to pull harder when the friction would slow it down and cause it to jerk around.
I am very interested in friction due to this lab. I want to learn more in depth about it. I want to know how to determine the strength of the friction and the main types of friction.
After completing this lab, i was very happy. I thought this was a very successful lab. I thought everything went well except for our sources of error. Furthermore, I believe I am becoming better at writing labs in physics class. Every lab i do becomes easier and easier to write. Practice makes perfect and I really enjoy these labs. And I hope to write better on each one.
excellent work Tommy!
Experiment 1
Pre-Lab Notes:
Experiment 1: How is the friction force affected when the surfaces are pressed together more?
IV: Normal Force
DV: Friction Force
CV: Velocity, Surface Area
Secondary Experiment: Change the surface.
Prediction: If the surface forces are pressed harder together, the friction force will increase.
Apparatus (list): A surface, a block with felt on one side and rubber on the other side, lab quest mini, computer, dual force sensor, masses
Procedure: First we are going to find the weight MASSof the block and convert it into Newtons. Next, we are going to chose one side of the block, the felt or the rubber, and we are going to drag (pull) the sensor with the block attached to it. After this we will take the data from the testing with the sensor. We are then going to add various masses to the block and redo the same experiment but with more mass on the block. We will do this two times for each side of the object (felt and rubber).not super clear how your measurements became Ff and Fn
Data Collection and Analysis
Primary Experiment (felt side):
VM: As the normal force increases, the force of friction increases proportionally.
MM: Ff= (.1813 N/N) x Fn - .011N
Slope: For every 1N added to Fn, the force of friction increases by .1813 Newtons.
Y intercept: When Fn (newtons) is at zero, the force of friction is -.011Newtons.
Secondary Experiment (rough side):
VM: As the normal force increases, the force of friction increases proportionally.
MM: Ff (1.2538 N/N) x Fn - .4991N
Slope: For every 1N added to Fn, the force of friction increases by 1.2538 Newtons.
Y intercept: When Fn (newtons) is at zero, the force of friction is -.4991 Newtons.
Experiment 2: How does the Velocity affect the force of Friction?
IV: Velocity
DV: Ff
CV: Fn (Mass), Surface materials
Apparatus: A surface, a block with felt on one side and rubber on the other side, lab quest mini, computer, dual force sensor, masses
Procedure: In order to test how the velocity affects the force of friction, i will use the friction block (felt side) and pull at different speeds. Then im going to measure the force of friction using the force probe at each speed. I will be sure to keep the same mass (fn) and surface.
Force of Friction vs. Velocity
Force of Friction is not affected by the velocity.
Experiment 3: How does the surface area affect the force of Friction?
IV: Surface Area
DV: Ff
CV: Speed, Surface materials
Procedure: First we will get a big block of wood where we can change the surface area. After we know how much surface area each side of the block has, we will test the force of friction on each side of the wood by pulling it with the dual force sensor. During this experiment we will drag the piece of wood at a constant speed and we will keep the same surface material.
Data Collection and Analysis
Force of friction is constant
Conclusion
In the Friction Lab experiments, we had to test how various actions would change or affect the force of friction. To do this we did 3 different experiments. In the first experiment we tested whether the friction force was affected when the surfaces are pressed together. In the second experiment we tested whether the velocity affected the force of friction. And lastly for the third experiment we tested whether the surface area affected the force of friction. Ultimately, we found out that only changing the amount of pressure of an object will affect the the force of friction. Furthermore, changing the velocity and the surface area does not affect the force of friction. So, in the big picture, this lab helped our study of friction because now we recognize applying more pressure is the only way that the force of friction changes.and changing the surface itself
For Experiment two, we were testing whether the velocity affected the force of friction. After, testing this and graphing this experiment as a class we noticed that the force of friction was not affected by the the velocity. For experiment three, we tested whether the surface area affected the force of friction as class as well. After testing the experiment and graphing it, we found that the force of friction was constant. Therefore, the force of friction was not affected by the surface area. Both of these experiments came out the exact way i predicted. I thought that neither of them would affect the force of friction.
It is possible for two people wearing identical shoes to have different forces of friction because of two big factors, the mass and the surface. These two factors are what cause the force of friction to vary. Therefore, if two people have different masses, then the one with the heavy mass has more force of friction than the person that has a smaller mass. This is due to the normal force. Futhermore, if they are on different surfaces, there forces of friction will be different because some surfaces may be rougher and some may be smoother.
It is possible for two people wearing different types of shoes to have the same amount of friction. However, the two people must have different masses. They can not have the same mass. The shoe with more friction must be worn by a lighter person and the won with less friction worn by a heavier person.
So in summary, the mass and the type of surface determine how much force of friction an object will feel/have. However, friction does not depend on the amount of surface area in between the moving object or the speed of the object.
One main source of error that I saw was the use of different tables. Some of these tables may have been sticky, bumpy, and or not the same. This error can be fixed by using one single table that is cleaned and that every group uses. This way everyone can get the same or about the same data without these factors messing up our data. Another source of error would be the method of pulling the vinyl side of the block. This is because the vinyl side had more friction causing it to be more jerky and harder to pull. We could have fixed this by just pulling at a constant speed and not trying to pull harder when the friction would slow it down and cause it to jerk around.
I am very interested in friction due to this lab. I want to learn more in depth about it. I want to know how to determine the strength of the friction and the main types of friction.
After completing this lab, i was very happy. I thought this was a very successful lab. I thought everything went well except for our sources of error. Furthermore, I believe I am becoming better at writing labs in physics class. Every lab i do becomes easier and easier to write. Practice makes perfect and I really enjoy these labs. And I hope to write better on each one.
excellent work Tommy!
Wednesday, October 15, 2014
Force of Gravity Lab
Force of Gravity Lab
Data Table:
Graph:
Data Analysis :
VM: As the mass increases, the force increases proportionally.
MM: Fg=(10.222 N/kg) mass - 0.0193 Newtons
Slope: For every 1 kg the force increases by 10.222 Newtons.
Y intercept: When the mass (kg) is at zero the force is -.0193 Newtons.
good!
Claims/Evidence/Conclusion: In the Force of Gravity lab, we made a few observations/claims. First of all, as a class, we concluded that we all got 9.8 n/kg because we are all on Earth gravitational field and therefore should attain the same mass. However, there was a few people whose numbers were off, but that was mainly due to mathematical errors. After comparing graphs with my classmates, I realized we all had similar, if not identical graphs. They all had the same slope. This is true because the force of gravity no! not force, the grav field strength is the same - is the same throughout the world. We then found the equation, fg=mg. In general, fg is the force of gravity and mg is the mass of the gravitational force (fg= force of gravity, m=mass, g=gravitational force). Therefore, force of gravity is equal to the mass times the grav field strength of the gravitational force (m times g).
To further differentiate mass between weight, mass is the amount of matter in something, while weight is the measurement of the pull of gravity on an object. Furthermore, mass is measured by using a balance comparing between known matter and unknown matter, while weight can be measured on a scale. Lastly, the mass of an object doesn't change when an object moves, while weight changes when it moves locations. I conclude that gravities force does not change and is the same throughout Earth.
Bonus: explain why light/heavy objects hit the ground at the same time when dropped
Light and heavy objects hit the ground at the same time when dropped because gravity is the same throughout the Earth. Regardless of the objects mass, the same force of gravity is exerted. In class we tested this by dropping a ball (weighed less) and a textbook (weighed more). They were dropped at the same time and hit the table at the same time. This is becuase regardless of the objects mass, the same force of gravity is exerted. There are a few exceptions, such as air resistance. more massive objects have a greater pull of gravity (they are heavier) - so the force/mass ratio is the same, making the same effect.
Sunday, October 5, 2014
Dueling Buggies Lab
Dueling Buggies Lab
Objective Statement: In the Dueling Buggies Lab we are trying to find where the buggies intercept at a certain distance of 180 cm. The buggies both start at different position. The slower buggy starts at 0 cm. (going in a positive direction) and the faster buggy starting at 180 cm (going in a negative direction). And from this we found where they intercepted.
Your Plan: For the slow buggy, we measured the speed of the buggy using a stop watch and a meter stick. We did this by setting up a line of tape measuring exactly 100 cm. We then proceeded to measure the speed. you did not measure the speed, you measured the time and distance and calculated the speed We put the car at zero cm and timed how long it took to reach 100 cm. We did it three times so our data would be exact. The three measurements of time were 5.97, 6.36, and 6.47 seconds. We then averaged it by dividing three from the total amount of seconds combined and got 15.95 cm/s. how did you get that #?
For the fast buggy, we measured the speed of the buggy using a stop watch and a meter stick as well. We did this by setting up a line of tape measuring exactly 100 cm. We then proceeded to measure the speed. We put the car at zero cm and timed how long it took to reach 100 cm. We did it three times so our data would be exact. The three measurements of time were 2.74, 2.49, and 2.44. We then averaged it by dividing three from the total amount of seconds combined and got 39.06 cm/s.
Data Analysis: After we got our data from the two buggies we than proceeded to find where they intersected starting from the point 180 on the y axis. We then used our averaged data from the speed of the slower and faster buggy and connected them to measure where they intercept. Lastly, we graphed 15.95x and -39.06x + 180. And the the point where it intersected was 52.91 cm. We then set up the two cars, the slow one at 0 and the faster at 180 and tested our prediction on the Dueling Buggies Lab.
Designing a Solution: As a group we predicted that it would meet somewhere between 50 - 75. So we set up 180 cm of tape and tested it. And to our surprise, they intersected at exactly 52 cm. That is exactly what our calculator had calculated for us. We were shocked and excited. We had just completed the Dueling Buggy Lab and our method was correct. After a lot of handwork and determination we were able to complete this challenging lab. great!
Objective Statement: In the Dueling Buggies Lab we are trying to find where the buggies intercept at a certain distance of 180 cm. The buggies both start at different position. The slower buggy starts at 0 cm. (going in a positive direction) and the faster buggy starting at 180 cm (going in a negative direction). And from this we found where they intercepted.
Your Plan: For the slow buggy, we measured the speed of the buggy using a stop watch and a meter stick. We did this by setting up a line of tape measuring exactly 100 cm. We then proceeded to measure the speed. you did not measure the speed, you measured the time and distance and calculated the speed We put the car at zero cm and timed how long it took to reach 100 cm. We did it three times so our data would be exact. The three measurements of time were 5.97, 6.36, and 6.47 seconds. We then averaged it by dividing three from the total amount of seconds combined and got 15.95 cm/s. how did you get that #?
For the fast buggy, we measured the speed of the buggy using a stop watch and a meter stick as well. We did this by setting up a line of tape measuring exactly 100 cm. We then proceeded to measure the speed. We put the car at zero cm and timed how long it took to reach 100 cm. We did it three times so our data would be exact. The three measurements of time were 2.74, 2.49, and 2.44. We then averaged it by dividing three from the total amount of seconds combined and got 39.06 cm/s.
Data Analysis: After we got our data from the two buggies we than proceeded to find where they intersected starting from the point 180 on the y axis. We then used our averaged data from the speed of the slower and faster buggy and connected them to measure where they intercept. Lastly, we graphed 15.95x and -39.06x + 180. And the the point where it intersected was 52.91 cm. We then set up the two cars, the slow one at 0 and the faster at 180 and tested our prediction on the Dueling Buggies Lab.
Designing a Solution: As a group we predicted that it would meet somewhere between 50 - 75. So we set up 180 cm of tape and tested it. And to our surprise, they intersected at exactly 52 cm. That is exactly what our calculator had calculated for us. We were shocked and excited. We had just completed the Dueling Buggy Lab and our method was correct. After a lot of handwork and determination we were able to complete this challenging lab. great!
Friday, September 5, 2014
Buggy Lab
Buggy Lab
Charles, Maya
Pre-Lab Notes:
Charles, Maya
Pre-Lab Notes:
- stays in straight line
- moves
- makes a noise
- has lights-headlights and antenna
- flowers
- wheels
- red
- forward
- keeps going
- two seats
Objective: The objective is to find the relationship between the position and the time.
Procedure: This lab is called the Buggy Lab. The equipment we needed was tape, the buggy car, and a yard stick. We than walked to the hallway and marked 300 Cm. We than put tape in increments of 50 from 0 to 300. My group than measured how far the car went with out weight (370 grams) on it measuring the time it hit at every increment of 50. After that we added 500 gram (870 grams in al
l) weight to the buggy and measured the time it hit at every increment of 50. This was the procedure of our lab.
Graph:
Trial 1
if rounding, it's 56
position=(55cm/sec)time + 10.067cm
Trial 2
position=( 50cm/sec)time + 6.9 cm
Tables:
VM: As the position increases, the time increases proportionally
MM: position=(55cm/sec)time + 10.067cm
Slope: For every 1 second the position increases by 55.75 cm.
Y-intercept: When the time is zero seconds the position 10.067 cm.
VM: As the position increases, the time increases proportionally
MM: position=( 50cm/sec)time + 6.9 cm
Slope: For every one second the position increases by 50cm.
y- int: When the time is zero seconds the position is 6.9 cm.
Observations/Claims: We made a few observations/claims in this lab. The slope of showed the velocity of the buggy. Another observation we made was that the y-intercept showed where the buggy started. The buggy should have had the same velocity because all the buggies were made the same. Therefore, they were all similar and should have same velocity.
Conclusions: In conclusion, the buggy traveled constantly according to our graphs. We noticed that the buggies both traveled at constant speeds in trial 1 and 2. Although they both traveled at a constant speed, the trial 2 buggy traveled at a lower pace but was still constant. More evidence to support the buggy was at a constant speed was that even when we added weight the buggy was moving in a constant speed. There was definitely a few errors. One of the errors was that the car often did not travel in a straight line. Therefore, causing the time to be a little off. Another error was that we might not have timed the 50 cm increments correctly.why not? how can you fix? Lastly, another error was the reaction time because our y intercepts were not zero cm. I really enjoyed this lab because it was extremely fun and we had to find the velocity of a electric buggy car. I also learned new scientific terms. good!
nice work!
Procedure: This lab is called the Buggy Lab. The equipment we needed was tape, the buggy car, and a yard stick. We than walked to the hallway and marked 300 Cm. We than put tape in increments of 50 from 0 to 300. My group than measured how far the car went with out weight (370 grams) on it measuring the time it hit at every increment of 50. After that we added 500 gram (870 grams in al
l) weight to the buggy and measured the time it hit at every increment of 50. This was the procedure of our lab.
Graph:
Trial 1
position=(55cm/sec)time + 10.067cm
Trial 2
position=( 50cm/sec)time + 6.9 cm
Tables:
Trial 1 No Weight (370 Grams)
Y-Variable (Position)
|
X-Variable (Time)
|
0 cm
|
0 seconds
|
50 cm
|
.67 seconds
|
100 cm
|
1.60 seconds
|
150 cm
|
2.55 seconds
|
200 cm
|
3.28 seconds
|
250 cm
|
3.95 seconds
|
300 cm
|
5.52 Seconds
|
VM: As the position increases, the time increases proportionally
MM: position=(55cm/sec)time + 10.067cm
Slope: For every 1 second the position increases by 55.75 cm.
Y-intercept: When the time is zero seconds the position 10.067 cm.
Trial 2 Weight Added (570 Grams)
Y-Variable (Position)
|
X-Variable (Time)
|
0 cm
|
0 seconds
|
50 cm
|
.81 seconds
|
100 cm
|
1.78 seconds
|
150 cm
|
2.75 seconds
|
200 cm
|
4.10seconds
|
250 cm
|
5.96 seconds
|
300 cm
|
5.52 Seconds
|
VM: As the position increases, the time increases proportionally
MM: position=( 50cm/sec)time + 6.9 cm
Slope: For every one second the position increases by 50cm.
y- int: When the time is zero seconds the position is 6.9 cm.
Observations/Claims: We made a few observations/claims in this lab. The slope of showed the velocity of the buggy. Another observation we made was that the y-intercept showed where the buggy started. The buggy should have had the same velocity because all the buggies were made the same. Therefore, they were all similar and should have same velocity.
Conclusions: In conclusion, the buggy traveled constantly according to our graphs. We noticed that the buggies both traveled at constant speeds in trial 1 and 2. Although they both traveled at a constant speed, the trial 2 buggy traveled at a lower pace but was still constant. More evidence to support the buggy was at a constant speed was that even when we added weight the buggy was moving in a constant speed. There was definitely a few errors. One of the errors was that the car often did not travel in a straight line. Therefore, causing the time to be a little off. Another error was that we might not have timed the 50 cm increments correctly.why not? how can you fix? Lastly, another error was the reaction time because our y intercepts were not zero cm. I really enjoyed this lab because it was extremely fun and we had to find the velocity of a electric buggy car. I also learned new scientific terms. good!
nice work!
Tuesday, August 26, 2014
Earth-Moon Lab
Today, my group completed the Earth-Moon Lab in class. The objective was to figure out the distance from the earth to the moon without using any type of measurement stick. To find the distance we divided the distance from the earth to the moon by the diameter. The distance from the earth to the moon is about 238,900 miles and the diameter of the Earth is about 7918. We than divided it and came up with the answer 30. Therefore, the distance between Earth and moon is 30 times the diameter of the Earth. Lastly, we got the paper Earth and moon and placed them on the wall. And moved the Earth 30 times away from the Moon as shown in the picture above.
238,900 miles from earth to moon
7,918 miles earth's diameter
Looks great!
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